『A Workforce Held Hostage』는 2026-10-31 출간 예정입니다. 출간되면 서점 판매 링크와 함께 이메일로 한 번 알려드립니다.
A Workforce Held Hostage: North Korea’s IT Worker System of Forced Labor and Exploitation examines North Korea’s IT worker system through a human rights and labor perspective.
North Korean IT workers operate domestically and overseas, carrying out remote IT work and commercial software development to generate foreign currency for the North Korean regime. In doing so, they may rely on false identities, foreign intermediaries, and international payment systems. As a result, international discussion has largely focused on sanctions evasion, identity fraud, cybersecurity, and national security risks.
This report instead focuses on the people behind the system. Drawing primarily on direct testimonies from former North Korean IT workers, it examines pervasive surveillance, restrictions on movement and communication, social isolation, excessive performance quotas, extremely long working hours, wage withholding, economic exploitation, and pressure involving family members.
The report also assesses these conditions in light of the International Labour Organization’s standards on forced labor and other international human rights norms, while examining the responsibilities of North Korea, host States, the international community, and private companies.
At the same time, the report does not deny the legal, financial, cybersecurity, and sanctions risks associated with North Korean IT work. Rather, it argues that these risks should be understood alongside the coercive conditions under which workers operate.
By examining both the structure of North Korea’s IT worker system and the lived experiences of those within it, the report offers a human rights perspective on an issue that has largely been discussed through the lens of security.
출처: 국립중앙도서관 출판예정도서 등록 정보(출판사 제출)
North Korean IT workers have largely been discussed in terms of hacking, identity fraud, sanctions evasion, and foreign-currency generation. A Workforce Held Hostage brings a different dimension to the discussion by placing the workers themselves at the center of the analysis.
Based on direct testimonies from former North Korean IT workers, the report examines how a state-directed IT labor system affects individual workers in practice. Behind the perceived privilege of overseas deployment are relentless earnings pressures, long working hours, surveillance, restrictions on movement, social isolation, wage control, and pressure involving family members.
The report does not portray North Korean IT workers simply as victims. It acknowledges the real legal, financial, cybersecurity, and sanctions risks associated with identity fraud and access to foreign companies, while examining the extent to which workers’ individual agency is constrained by the system in which they operate.
By connecting cybersecurity, North Korean human rights, forced labor, international labor standards, and corporate responsibility, this report provides a valuable resource for readers working on North Korea, human rights, international law, labor rights, cybersecurity, sanctions compliance, and corporate risk.
출처: 국립중앙도서관 ISBN 서지정보(출판사 제출)
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Foreword
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology and Data Sources
Distinguishing IT Workers from Hackers
Chapter 1: Structure and Functioning of the IT Worker System
1. Internal Structure of the IT Worker System
1.1 Education & Training of IT Workers
1.2 Overseas vs. Domestic IT Work
1.3 Overview of Brokerage Infrastructure
1.3.1 Identity Fraud
1.3.2 Moving Funds
Chapter 2: Working Conditions and Incentives
2. The Reality of Overseas IT Workers: Control, Pressure, and Exploitation
2.1 Surveillance & Social Isolation
2.2 Performance Pressure and Collective Bullying
2.3 Economic Exploitation
Chapter 3: Understanding North Korean IT Workers: Global, State, Corporate and Psychological Considerations
3. International Response and Private Responsibility
3.1 International Labor Laws: Accountability and State Responsibility
3.2 Host States
3.3 Corporate Risks for Infiltrated Companies
3.4 National Security Risks: WMD Funding
3.5 Psychological Pressure and Social Isolation
3.6 Awareness of Illicit Activities
3.7 Constraints on Individual Agency
3.8 Family as a Mechanism of Control
3.9 Risks to IT Workers from Public Exposure
출처: 국립중앙도서관 ISBN 서지정보(출판사 제출)
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분량·판형: 122쪽 · 판형 176*250.
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Bada Nam;저자 : Yongseong Kim;저자 : Juliana Bieg;저자 : Sloane Walsh;저자 : Nadia Petersen;저자 : Soohyun Hwang;저자 : Léonie Lefebvre;저자 : Michelle Paras;저자 : Taylor Elder;저자 : Sienna Heaton;저자 : Youngwon Yoon; / (사단법인)성공적인 통일을 만들어가는 사람들. 출간 후 상세 정보가 갱신됩니다.
종이책으로 출간 예정입니다. 분량은 122쪽입니다. (국립중앙도서관 출판예정도서 등록 기준이며, 별도 판형이 추가될 수 있습니다.)
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